We predicted that WM has modality distinctive constructs (i.g., possible TFM). Therefore, our study is intended to investigate which of one or two factor model (OFM TFM) fits better with WM test data from the newest versions of Wechsler Scales in a heterogeneous psychiatric sample. 11) Regardless, investigation is required to identify whether it is sufficient to only administer WM measures of a single modality. Routinely measuring both forms of WM is not recommended since they are strongly inter-correlated and functionally similar. Auditory and visual WM tests were included separately in Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV) 9) and Wechsler Memory Scale-IV (WMS-IV) 10). Furthermore, recent versions of Wechsler Scales 9, 10) have placed greater emphasis on WM components than their predecessors. Clinicians frequently use psychometric tools such as WM subtests of Wechsler Intelligence or Memory Scales to measure WM capacity. In general, WM tests require the subjects to manipulate the given auditory or visual information all the while maintaining them. However, the subsystems are not perfectly independent and are controlled by the central executive, a domain-general system. Each subsystem has separate and independent capacity-limited storage for temporal retention of verbal or visual-spatial information. Domain-specific systems were divided into phonological loop and visual-spatial sketchpad according to modalities of information and thus is often called as modality-specific systems. WM model proposed by Baddeley 6– 8) is one of the most influential WM models and consists of two domain-specific systems and a domain-general system. Deficits in WM are reported in many psychiatric diseases as WM is deeply related to clinical symptoms, other complex cognitive functions, and activities of daily living. 1) From a clinical perspective, WM is fairly important. Working memory (WM) is a cognitive system that allows for transient storage and manipulation of given information. Keywords: Modality-specific working memory, WAIS-IV, WMS-IV Our study supports a modality model of WM, or the existence of modality-specific WM systems, and thus poses a clinical significance of assessing both auditory and visual WM tests. ResultsĬFA results demonstrated that a two factor model fits the data better than one-factor model as expected. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to observe whether WM measures fit better to a one-factor or two-factor model. WM subtests of Korean version of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV and Korean version of Wechsler Memory Scale-IV were administered to assess WM. MethodsĪ total of 115 patients were diagnosed on the basis of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and with MINI-Plus 5.0, a structured diagnostic interview. To do this, we administered the most recent and universal clinical WM measures in a mixed psychiatric sample. October 9, 2019.This study was to identify whether working memory (WM) can be clearly subdivided according to auditory and visual modality. Age-related eye disease and cognitive function: the search for mediators. Varin M, Kergoat MJ, Belleville S, et al. In an effort to brainstorm solutions to slow cognitive decline among those with ocular health problems, the team suggested cognitive training exercises could be developed that are geared toward people with vision loss. “We have found for the first time that glaucoma patients have worse scores on three cognitive tests that measure verbal memory and verbal working memory, while AMD was not associated with any of the cognitive outcomes,” the researchers wrote in the paper. The researchers noted that activity level mediated the relationship between glaucoma and the digit span forward test in a statistically significant way. The glaucoma group also scored lower on the digit span backward version and the logical memory test with immediate recall than participants with normal vision. The investigators found those with glaucoma or AMD were more likely to be older, female, have less education, have more depressive symptoms and were involved in fewer activities-overall, they had reduced life span.Īs for cognition, patients with glaucoma scored lower on the digit span forward test, meaning they were able to recall 0.8 fewer digits than those with normal vision. A team measured cognition with six verbal cognitive tests, as well as activity level, visual acuity and visual fields. This cross-sectional, hospital-based study evaluated 336 adults aged 65 or older. New research may be able to help, now finding that glaucoma patients scored lower on cognitive tests the same relationship didn’t exist for AMD patients. Age-related eye disease may be related to cognitive decline, but the exact relationship remains unexplained within the scientific literature.
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